Suchergebnisse

Modern higher education (HE) and Higher education research (HER) in Ethiopia is a recent phenomenon, which only started in 1950 with the establishment of the then Addis Ababa University. The sector only started to expand in the 1990s in which the governments started to allocate more funds for the massive expansion. There are also efforts made to guide and prioritize research activities according to the development needs of the country, which are done through devising a number of policies that dictate the processes of organizing and directing research activities in public HEIs. However, there are no enough clear guidelines about how to use those research findings in policy development process to complete the loop of knowledge production to knowledge application. Hence, this research aimed at investigating the application of HER in policy-making by examining the link between the two and discussing the contribution of the former to the latter in Ethiopia, using the RAPID framework. Qualitative case study was employed and six experts and officials from MoE, ESC and the case university were interviewed and nine policy and program level documents were reviewed. Accordingly, absence of incentives, burden from other activities and lack of commitments are problems facing academic staff. Regardless of many efforts to improve it, HER in Ethiopia still suffer from shortage of finance, lack of data base for research work and lack of meaningful link to industry. Descriptive and survey research designs are used repetitively, English language problem and low number of PhD holders are some problems too. The state controls the total policy-making sphere as well as the research function of HEIs using the need to link it to the country's development needs and priorities as justifications. The adoption of foreign policies, the influence of international organizations and lack of adequate stakeholders' participations are also there. There is a beginning to link research to industry as a means of consuming research outputs while completely neglecting of up-taking research results in policy-making. Research activities are fragmented, absence of organizing body responsible for making knowledge usable for policymakers, lack of system of evaluation for research, very routine and tiresome financial procedure and duplications of research efforts. Building the capacity of the country's scholars to produce sound knowledge through research, having a knowledge broker organization that link research and policy making efforts by using every possible means of disseminations and communications will help in solving some of the above mentioned problems.

The scientific advancements in the vehicle and infrastructure automation industry are progressively improving nowadays to provide benefits for the end-users in terms of traffic congestion reduction, safety enhancements, stress-free travels, fuel cost savings, and smart parking, etc. The advances in connected, autonomous, and connected autonomous vehicles (CV, AV, and CAV) depend on the continuous technology developments in the advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). A clear view of the technology developments related to the AVs will give the users insights on the evolution of the technology and predict future research needs. In this paper, firstly, a review is performed on the available ADAS technologies, their functions, and the expected benefits in the context of CVs, AVs, and CAVs such as the sensors deployed on the partial or fully automated vehicles (Radar, LiDAR, etc.), the communication systems for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure networking, and the adaptive and cooperative adaptive cruise control technology (ACC/CACC). Secondly, for any technologies to be applied in practical AVs related applications, this study also includes a detailed review in the state/federal guidance, legislation, and regulations toward AVs related applications. Last but not least, the impacts of CVs, AVs, and CAVs on traffic are also reviewed to evaluate the potential benefits as the AV related technologies penetrating in the market. Based on the extensive reviews in this paper, the future related research gaps in technology development and impact analysis are also discussed.

The economic role of human capital, particularly education has
long been documented by economists and policy makers [Becker (1964)].
According to some observers view, educational system is an effective
vehicle for producing the skills required to maintain growth in the
economy.1 The versatile impact of education on every aspect of human
existence makes it a vital area for policy framework especially for
developing countries. Developing countries where majority of world's
population resides need to maximise productivity and capabilities of the
advanced human capital. The benefits of education range from human to
economic, social and cultural. At human level, education contributes in
attractive self esteem and confidence leading towards empowerment. In
Pakistan, there is significant rise in the average level of education,
but over time, more and more workers incapable to use their educational
background on the job. Two decades ago, it was judgment that supply of
labour meeting the demand of labour. However in recent years, it is
argued that supply of some skilled labour may have outstripped the
demand of labour in some professions and high qualified peoples taking
positions of low qualified peoples. Such underemployment/over-education
has not been fully explored in Pakistan.

PurposeAs large multinational firms are increasingly tasked with developing sustainable supply chains, their role in improving the sustainability performance of their suppliers is critical. This paper examines the dual role of a buyer firm, as a customer and as an important stakeholder, and identifies several attributes of the buyer firm and the dyadic relationship that could help improve the sustainability performance of suppliers.Design/methodology/approachA dyadic multi-year dataset is created using financial and customer data from the Compustat database and sustainability data from MSCI ESG ratings database. The hypotheses are tested using econometric panel data techniques.FindingsThe findings indicate that a buyer's legitimacy is a key factor that affects supplier's sustainability performance. The effect of legitimacy is much higher when the buyer and supplier firms have an aligned focus on similar sustainability dimensions. The market power of the buyer also increases the effect of legitimacy, though power without legitimacy is not effective.Originality/valueThe study expands the understanding of how buyer firms can influence suppliers on sustainability by highlighting the key role played by legitimacy and aligned focus and the supporting role of market power. The study contributes to both the stakeholder salience literature and the buyer–supplier relationship literature by showing evidence for complementarity between market power and legitimacy. Buyer firms can use the results of the study to focus their efforts on suppliers where a significant improvement in sustainability can be expected.

The study assessed entrepreneurship education as a tool for self-reliance in Colleges of Education in Adamawa state, Nigeria. It specifically determined the extent to which entrepreneurship education promote educational development, adequacy of resources and identified the constraints facing teaching and learning of entrepreneurship education. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to sample the respondents in the college of education, where a sampled 106 was drawn. The data obtained were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, rating and lickrt scale. The results revealed that entrepreneurship education encourages students to join businesses (mean score =.62), promotes economic development (mean score =.58) and self-reliance (mean score =4.55). it further revealed that there were inadequate staff (mean score =1.23) teaching environment (mean score =1.19) and materials for learning were inadequate (mean score =1.24). the major constraints facing teaching and learning of entrepreneurship education were inadequate materials for learning (mean score =2.82), skilled personals (mean score =2.78) poor remunerative to staff concern (mean score =2.67) and poor funding (mean score =2.63) it was concluded that education focuses on the overall development of students and the entrepreneurial curriculum system lays the foundation for the overall improvement of students and the entrepreneurial ability. The study recommended both governmental and non-governmental organizations should provide support to the institutions through the provision of funds, facilities and equipment and internship /houseman ship after graduation in entrepreneurship course as students' industrial work experience scheme programme for all students should be made

We document past, present, and future of FDI trend in recent decades that goes substantially beyond the advanced economies. This rigorous study also examines the influence of FDI on economic growth using macro variables for a global perspective. Six macro variables namely, FDI, physical capital, trade, human capital, labor force, and infrastructure were used in this study. We did a panel analysis on data from 2002 to 2017 and used rigorous two-way fixed effect model. This study finds that both FDI and trade openness enhance economic growth. Open door policies are more beneficial for the entire world; capital also plays a significant role in this process. Further, FDI plays a role with human capital but vocational training, skilled labor force and education are the most important factors to attract FDI. In the last decade, overall sub-Saharan African, EU and Central Asia, Latin America and Caribbean regions have observed a significant economic growth through FDI. The future of FDI in a high populated area is very gleaming. The overall result indicates that FDI accelerates economic growth in the globe.

We document past, present, and future of FDI trend in recent decades that goes substantially beyond the advanced economies. This rigorous study also examines the influence of FDI on economic growth using macro variables for a global perspective. Six macro variables namely, FDI, physical capital, trade, human capital, labor force, and infrastructure were used in this study. We did a panel analysis on data from 2002 to 2017 and used rigorous two-way fixed effect model. This study finds that both FDI and trade openness enhance economic growth. Open door policies are more beneficial for the entire world; capital also plays a significant role in this process. Further, FDI plays a role with human capital but vocational training, skilled labor force and education are the most important factors to attract FDI. In the last decade, overall sub-Saharan African, EU and Central Asia, Latin America and Caribbean regions have observed a significant economic growth through FDI. The future of FDI in a high populated area is very gleaming. The overall result indicates that FDI accelerates economic growth in the globe.

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is usually necessary to uncover the right items for inclusion in a research instrument. As a result, this research adapts and modifies an instrument on the risk intelligence construct within small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. The study uses Hawley's risk theory of profit and employs the EFA to validate the instrument. Our study differs significantly from prior studies regarding SMEs' socio-economic, political, and cultural statuses, among other factors. More importantly, most past research focused on larger firms or used different dimensions. However, the current study uniquely integrates risk perception, risk-taking propensity, and insurance literacy within Nigerian SMEs to close the literature gap. The study adopts a cross-sectional research approach using quantitative data obtained through a structured survey from 370 SMEs across Nigeria's six geopolitical regions. The study tested the validity and reliability of the constructs used and refined the 27 items used. The EFA result finally reduced the items to 24; risk perception (6 items), risk-taking propensity (9 items) and insurance literacy (9 items).